I.                   IntroductionII.                Les travaux de Thomas Morgana)               Biographieb)              De Mendel à Morganc)               Ses travaux               III.             Découvertes entre Thomas Morgan et Watson et Cricka)               La radiocristallographie X ou la période avant guerreb)              Les découvertes pendant la guerre, et quelques années    après.IV.            La proposition de Watson et Cricka)               Biographie de Watson et Crickb)              Les étapes de leurs découvertesV.               L’expérience de Meselson et Stahla)               Biographie de Meselson et Stahlb)              Les étapes de leur découvertec)               L’hypothèsed)              Expérience: résultats observése)              Expérience: Comparaison avec les modèlesf)                 ConclusionVI.            La relation entre gène et protéinea)               La biosynthèse des protéinesb)              La redondance du code génétiquec)               L’universalité du code génétiqueVII.         Le séquençage d’ADNa)               Définitionb)              Les techniques de séquençageVIII.      Protocole expérimentalIX.            ConclusionX.               Bibliographie

IX. Conclusion Il est important de conclure que le matériel génétique a connu diverses modifications tout au long des années. La visualisation de celui-ci a été la plus affectées et questionnées par plusieurs scientifiques, dont les principaux ont été Watson et Crick (ceux qui ont proposés la visualisation qui est le modèle d’étude jusqu’à présent). D’autant plus avec le rôle et les connaissances sur l’ADN, qui ont été révolutionnées par des scientifiques comme Mendel, Thomas Morgan, Meselson, Stahl, Oswald Avery, entre autres. Ces derniers ont principalement proposés leurs expériences de la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu’à la fin du XXème, et, par conséquent, cette époque a été la principale en question de révolution génétique.  Toutes ces divergences, ces modifications, sont la base de notre travail, et a partir de ceux-ci il a été pu être réalisé. Etant un sujet possédant une étroite relation avec le sujet des cours actuels de SVT, nous avons pu demander l’aide de notre professeur, M. Dahhaoui, et de cette manière faciliter un petit peu le travail. Heureusement les recherches ont été relativement facile, beaucoup d’information sont à notre dispositions, que ce soit sur internet, sur des encyclopédie on sur des films. Ce travail a été extrêmement utile pour nous, pour la suite de nos cours, de plus ceci nous a permit d’étudier une partie de la génétique qui n’est pas vu en 1^ère, celle des expériences et des visualisations. Ce sujet nous a beaucoup plu, et en aucun moment de la réalisation du T.P.E nous avons eu des moments de doutes en relation avec le sujet. De cette manière je pense que notre travail a été très bien fait, et de plus, je pense que nous avons réussi à le rendre intéressant.        

This picture is the symbol of the Karate Shotokan, the main Karate style. It was created by Gichin Funakoshi, born in the island of Okinawa, he created his style based on two old Karate styles, the Naha-te and the Shuri-te. The name Shotokan come from the fact that Gichin’s Dojo was named Shotokan.

This style is based mainly on kicks and punches at the chest high, there’s no imobilisation tecniques, only percussion techniques. The training can be divided in three parts, the Kihon (it’s the study of the basic movements, like the punches or the defenses); the Kata (it’s a fight simulation, the movements are already determined), there is, in Karate Shotokan, 30 katas, one more difficult than the other; and finally the Kumite (it’s the fight like we know, sometimes there’s rules, it’s the case of a competition fight, or not).

The Karate Shotokan is a style, like all the others, that have the objective of teaching values of life instead of only teaching fihgt techniques. It’s a very strict martial art, where the disrespect is not tolered, and where the student (if we can say like that) must know a serie of teachings, it’s what we call the Dojo Kun:     

     Japanese Version                      

HITOTSU! JINKAKU KANSEI NI TSUTOMURU KOTO!
HITOTSU! MAKOTO NO MICHI O MAMORU KOTO!
HITOTSU! DORYOKU NO SEICHIN O YASHINAU KOTO!
HITOTSU! REIGI O OMONZURU KOTO!
HITOTSU! KEKKI NO YU O IMASHIMURU KOTO!      

     English translation:

SEEK PERFECTION OF CHARACTER!
BE FAITHFUL!
ENDEAVOR!
RESPECT OTHERS!
REFRAIN FROM VIOLENT BEHAVIOR!

The Champions League Winners’ Medal (Manchester United Museum)

Originally uploaded by edwin11_79.

Manchester United is a english soccer team from Manchester. Is one of the greatest team of the world, with a lot of great players, such as Rooney or Cristiano Ronaldo.

The UEFA Champions League is the most important club championship in Europe and the Manchester United is a two times winner, in 1968 and 1999.

This year Manchester United is one of the favourites to win this Champions league and I really think they are going to win it. After beating Lille on the round of 16 they are now going to play against Roma. We have now to wait 3 mo month to know the winner of the UEFA Champions League.

Manchester United: GO FOR IT.

Second opinion was talking about fingerprinting students at the cafeteria to identify them. I think it can be a good idea, at least it wont be worse that it is already. This idea can be very good to have a better idea of the students that are going to the cafeteria. Let take the exemple of my school, we have to use a card to enter but there’s a lot of people that take others card to enter and its no fair. At least that way we can be sure that there’s no one that will enter on the cafeteria while they can’t.

Strange pic of a street

Originally uploaded by sp_baptiste.

This is photo of a street from São Paulo that I took a few weeks ago. We can’t see anything but that’s why I like it. All the lights going from one side to another gives style to this pic. I hope you enjoy it.

So, the world cup have started, now, all the world has stop to support there team. France, Brazil, Netherlands, Argentina, Germany, England, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic: those are the best teams of the world, the one that have more tradition, that have more chances to win this cup.

I support France to the death, and I'm against Brazil until the end, except if the last teams that are left with Brazil are England, Italy or Portugal, I hate them. I'm french, and I would be very happy if we could win this cup because it's the last cup in which ZIDANE will participate.

But we will have to wait to see the champion and I will repeat – ALLEZ LES BLEUS!!!!!

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The Carnival in Brazil is a very important party because is when all the brazilian people can danse or travel, it’s when they can do all that they want. There’s two important citys in Brazil where the carnival is important. Those citys are Rio de
Janeiro and Salvador.

In Rio de Janeiro, samba schools compete between them showing there beautiful disguise and dansing all the night to know wich one is the best school. Everyone can participate but tou have to know how too danse samba.

In Salvador, all the city go on the streets too danse under the sound of brazilian music or even music from all over the world. The onlçy problem is that you have to listen the music during a all week.

This year I went to Salvador with my brother during two days. It was very cool because there was a lot of important singers or Dj’s. I went to danse under the sound of Fat Boy Slim and Dj Marky.

Hello!!

I’m fond of cars ( muscle cars and hot rods ) and bikes ( especially choppers ). My favourite TV shows are South Park, Two and half man and Starsky & Hutch. My dream is to be a very successful business man, have a house in Florianópolis and a Mustang =P.